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This resource is hosted by the Nelson Mandela Foundation, but was compiled and authored by Padraig O’Malley. It is the product of almost two decades of research and includes analyses, chronologies, historical documents, and interviews from the apartheid and post-apartheid eras.

1848. Ordinance No 3

This "modified ORDINANCE 49 of 1828 by allowing employers to indenture Xhosa - without any written agreement as to wages - before they entered the colony" (Crais 1992: 142).

This resource is hosted by the Nelson Mandela Foundation, but was compiled and authored by Padraig O’Malley. Return to theThis resource is hosted by the site.