New Zealand / Aotearoa
Anti-apartheid activities in New Zealand started around the sports boycott, specifically the campaigns against the Springbok Rugby Tours. These campaigns were linked to protests against the exclusion of Maori players from the All Blacks rugby team, connecting local anti-racism with anti-apartheid struggles. The sport boycott was the main focus in the 1960s and 70s, whereas sanctions became the main issue in the 1980s. Many national and local AAMs were active in New Zealand.
Anti-Apartheid Organisations/People
Citizens Association for Racial Equality (CARE)
CARE was founded in 1974 and operated till 1994. Besides working towards a boycott of all sports contacts with South Africa it also focused on racism in New Zealand. It took the lead in the opposition against the 1965 Springbok Rugby Tour.
The University of Canterbury, Macmillan Brown Library holds the archive of the organisation covering the period 1974-1986.
http://library.canterbury.ac.nz
Coalition against the Tour-Christchurch
The Coalition against the Tour – Christchurch was an ad-hoc, local organisation set up to organise the opposition against the Springbok Rugby Tour in 1985. The tour was eventually stopped by a High Court injunction.
The Macmillan Brown Library at the University of Canterbury holds the small collection. It contains correspondence, media releases, campaign materials and newspaper cuttings
http://library.canterbury.ac.nz
Halt All Racist Tours (HART)
HART was a national organisation that began in 1969 and operated till 1993. It started with the campaign against the Springbok/All Black Rugby Tours of 1970 and preventing other sporting contacts with South Africa. This remained their main focus till 1980 when they merged with NZAAM.
The Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library in Wellington holds a substantial collection of the organisation. It contains correspondence, financial papers, minutes, newspaper clippings and publications.
The Macmillan Brown Library at the University of Canterbury holds a substantial collection of the Christchurch branch covering the period 1969-1992. It contains correspondence, financial papers, minutes, newspaper clippings and publications.
http://library.canterbury.ac.nz
The following two sites have useful references to the Springbok Tours.
http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/1981-springbok-tour
http://www.nzonscreen.com/title/patu-1983
National Anti-Apartheid Movement New Zealand (NZAAM)
NZAAM merged with HART in 1980 and then changed its name to HART: NZAAM. It became one of the major AAMs in New Zealand and was very active in boycott campaigns and actively lobbied the government to take a strong anti-apartheid stand. In the last decade of its existence it focused increasingly on race issues in New Zealand.
The Alexander Turnbull Library at the National Library holds the official records of HALT: NZAAM, including its predecessor and its Christchurch office.
New Zealand Defence and Aid Fund (NZDAF)
The NZDAF started in 1967 and operated till 1991. Like the international organisation, it mainly raised funds to assist political prisoners and their families. It published numerous publications and had its own newsletter.
The Alexander Turnbull Library at the National Library holds the entire archive of the organisation.
Thomas Oliver Newnham
Tom Newnham was national president and secretary of the Citizens Association for Racial Equality (CARE).
The Alexander Turnbull Library at the National Library of New Zealand has a substantial collection covering the period 1965-1986. It contains papers, press cuttings, correspondence, pamphlets and other printed materials relating to CARE and the other anti-apartheid organisations.
Trevor Richards
Trevor Richards was the founder of HART in 1969 and functioned as its chair till 1980. He was the international secretary till 1985 and remained active till the 1990s.
The Alexander Turnbull Library at the National Library of New Zealand has his entire archive covering the period 1969-1998. It contains papers, press cuttings, correspondence, pamphlets, campaign materials and other printed materials.
